Much of British Columbia had a drier than usual spring this year, a condition that experts and honey producers warn could adversely affect pollinators. Elaine Sedgman, a bee enthusiast and gardener in Kamloops, noted a decrease in native bees frequenting her flowers this season. As a volunteer with the Native Bee Society of B.C., Sedgman diligently documents sightings of native bee species for research purposes.
Wild bee populations across North America are on the decline, with climate-related events like droughts posing a significant threat to pollinators by stressing the plants they rely on. In B.C., where an estimated 500 bee species reside, consecutive years of droughts and heatwaves, notably the 2021 heat dome, have raised concerns. According to the B.C. Drought Information Portal, by the end of June, 27% of the province was facing some level of drought, an improvement from the 40% reported in May.
Ground-nesting bees in B.C. are particularly vulnerable to droughts, according to behavioural ecologist Caleb Bryan. Drought conditions harden soil and vegetation, making nest excavation and maintenance challenging, ultimately impacting bee populations’ ability to persist across seasons. Additionally, drought-stressed plants produce less nectar, altering sugar ratios and concentration, which can hinder bee growth due to reduced food supply.
Drought stress also affects the signals that plants emit to bees, with changes in flower colors, scents weakening, and even alterations in thermal patterns. This makes it harder for bees to locate and be attracted to flowers, reducing their foraging efficiency.
Emily Huxter, a third-generation bee farmer from the North Okanagan, highlights the potential impact of changes in nectar quality and quantity on honey production. Any plant stress affecting nectar availability can lead to a decrease in honey production, leaving beekeepers uncertain about the upcoming season. By planting a variety of native plant species that bloom throughout different seasons, individuals can support bee populations by ensuring a continuous food supply for both honey bees and native bees.
