The population of snowy owls soaring over the Arctic tundra is rapidly decreasing due to various threats, yet the process of granting legal protection to these birds is moving slowly. These iconic birds are facing challenges such as habitat loss, with thickening ground cover making it harder for them to find prey. Additionally, collisions with vehicles, buildings, and power poles during migration are contributing to the decline in their numbers.

With a population of around 14,000 and a decline rate exceeding 30% per decade, snowy owls have been classified as threatened due to the significant decrease in their numbers. However, a scientific evaluation of population decline does not automatically result in legal protection. It involves thorough consultations among researchers, federal, Indigenous, and local governments, which can prolong the process for two years or more.

The assessment process begins early, with the committee’s scientists spending at least two years analyzing data to determine a species’ status. This delay leaves species like the snowy owl vulnerable for years before conservation measures can be implemented. The formal listing under federal law can take an additional two years or more from the time a species is identified as threatened.

The snowy owl serves as an umbrella species and an environmental health indicator; thus, its decline may signify broader issues within the ecosystem. The federal environment minister receives the committee’s report annually, leading to a final decision by the cabinet after extensive consultations.

One of the primary threats faced by snowy owls is the gradual habitat changes caused by a warming world, leading to a loss of productive hunting grounds and nesting sites. Other threats include avian flu, collisions with structures, electrocution from power lines, and poisoning from consuming prey exposed to rodent poison.

Cameron Eckert, the director of the Yukon Bird Club, emphasized the importance of conservation efforts for the snowy owl, given its cultural significance and long migration patterns. Despite efforts to mitigate climate change impacts, unpredictable environmental factors continue to influence snowy owl populations beyond human control. The iconic bird’s symbolic link to the far North resonates with people, highlighting the need for comprehensive conservation measures.